What are the side effects of cephalosporin?
Cephalosporin antibiotics are commonly used clinical antibacterial drugs, but side effects may occur to varying degrees during their use. The following is based on the compilation and analysis of hot topics and medical data on the Internet in the past 10 days, and presents the common side effects and precautions of cephalosporin antibiotics in the form of structured data.
1. Statistics on common side effects of cephalosporin antibiotics
| Side effect type | incidence | Typical performance | high risk groups |
|---|---|---|---|
| allergic reaction | 1-3% | Rash, urticaria, anaphylactic shock | People with a history of penicillin allergy |
| digestive system reaction | 5-10% | Diarrhea, nausea, pseudomembranous colitis | elderly patients |
| Liver and kidney toxicity | 1-2% | Elevated transaminase, oliguria | People with liver and kidney dysfunction |
| Blood system abnormalities | 0.5-1% | Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia | Long-term use patients |
| nervous system response | 0.3-0.8% | Headache, dizziness | People with impaired blood-brain barrier |
2. Recent hot topics of discussion on the Internet
1.disulfiram-like reaction: In the past 10 days, warnings about "cephalosporin with wine" have appeared on multiple platforms. Experts emphasize that alcohol should be strictly prohibited while taking cephalosporin and within 7 days after stopping the drug.
2.Intestinal flora imbalance: There is a hot discussion on "antibiotic-associated diarrhea" on social platforms. It is recommended to use probiotic preparations when using cephalosporin (it needs to be taken 2 hours apart).
3.Medication safety for children: The parenting forum focuses on the precautions for the use of third-generation cephalosporins (such as cefixime) in pediatrics.
3. Medication warnings for special groups
| Crowd classification | risk level | Indicators to be monitored |
|---|---|---|
| pregnant woman | Class B (relatively safe) | Fetal heart rate monitoring, liver function |
| lactating women | secretion at low concentration | allergic reactions in babies |
| People with renal insufficiency | Need to adjust dosage | creatinine clearance |
| elderly | prone to diarrhea | electrolyte balance |
4. Medication precautions
1.Skin test requirements: Although skin testing is not mandatory for cephalosporins, skin testing is recommended for those allergic to penicillin.
2.Medication time: It is necessary to strictly follow the doctor’s instructions to complete the course of treatment to avoid the development of drug resistance.
3.drug interactions: Combined use with diuretics may increase nephrotoxicity, and combined use with anticoagulants may enhance the anticoagulant effect.
4.Supplement contraindications: Preparations containing calcium/magnesium may affect the absorption of drugs such as ceftriaxone.
5. Latest research trends
In December 2023, the "Journal of Infectious Diseases" pointed out: Cefoperazone and sulbactam may cause vitamin K-dependent coagulation disorder, and it is recommended that long-term users monitor coagulation function.
The China Food and Drug Administration recently issued a notice requiring the revision of the instructions for cefazolin to add a "hemolytic anemia" risk warning.
Conclusion: Although cephalosporin antibiotics are relatively safe, individual differences are significant. Adverse reactions should be closely observed during medication. If severe allergic reactions occur, seek medical attention immediately. Cases of "cephalosporin death" circulating on the Internet are mostly related to improper combination of drugs or alcohol consumption. Medication guidance should be obtained through formal channels.
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